Introduction
The Second World War was the greatest war in human history, and it would be a giant historical heritage that would fall to modern humans. This may seem unlikely if you treat history as simply a list of tightly packed scripts of thick history books, but history is, unexpectedly simple, that every second every minute of doing something, whether unproductive or productive, is also a history Even if it is indifferent to these huge events, it will not be free from its influence.
How then was Germany defeated in the struggle in Germany and the Alliance, the core of World War II that determined the course of mankind at the time? Before entering the mainstream, the media, mainly documentaries created mainly in the English-speaking countries, simply won by the power of the United States, and on the Internet website, focus more on poetry on the eastern front, The defeat of the Axis powers - is by no means a single issue.
This topic can be said to be a very complex element, because the UK, the US, and the Soviet Union played their part in their respective positions. Therefore, I will examine in this article what strategies the Axis / Allied countries have formed and played.
1 German War Plan and Strategy
Most military historians believe that the war in Germany was triggered by the invasion of Poland in September 1939, when Hitler underwent an ultimatum to Britain and France, simply as in Austria and the Czech Republic I thought it was just a scare. At the time of the invasion of Poland, Hitler's intention was to increase the capacity of the war resources through stockpile of the Czech Republic, Austria and Poland, rather than the beginning of the war, before the war began.
In other words, the situation in Germany at the time of opening was strategically very disadvantageous. There are about 18 million people in the Netherlands, including Belgium, with about 9 million people in France and Britain, and countries like Canada, Australia and New Zealand who can claim to be about 17 million British universities, . And even more so because the three countries were industrialized countries and the individual party capacities of each other did not reach very large differences.
Germany's supply of strategic resources was blocked by the British and French navy, and as time went by, it would have been more favorable for the Allies. That's why Germany chose the so-called Blitzkrieg as a blitzkrieg, which was to take the war to the shortest possible time.
Germany was really lucky at the time of its opening, when Germany, which had been dragged when it invaded Poland in September 1939, led a group of 60 divisions of ground forces, invaded Poland, armed with rough equipment from 40 divisions, Germany had five times as much firepower as Poland, but the damage was remarkable. The death toll in Germany was 50,000 in a month.
So, if the enemy attacked in Poland when the damage of German troops was accumulating in Poland, the situation would not be known. Indeed, as the testimony of the German army saying that "if the Allied side attacked as soon as the war opened, the Second World War would have ended there", the German army was forced to return to the knights due to the slow movement of the Allies.
But did not the Allied side have any thoughts? If you do not, then it is based on the experiences you had during World War I, so you can not say it is very wrong at that time. Because in the First World War, the Allies remembered that they dragged Germany into a long battleground and mobilized more manpower and resources to defeat the Germans by bringing them to the battleground. But will the person get hit again? Germany, of course, has noticed the allegations of such a coalition, and thus establishes a blitzkrieg that could lead to a short-term war.
Despite this strategy, however, the Allied Powers still had more tanks, fighters, artillery, and troops. In this sense, the achievements of the German army in Sichelschnitt, the German master martian in the May-June period of 1940 between May and June 1940, would be a good mark for human history, Because it gave a disastrous blow to the troops of the more prominent Allied forces and a near victory. This should be seen as a collaborative effort between Germany's superior skills and the allied backlash. At the time, France's firing squad was at the peak of Germany's use of force during World War II, when about 90 percent of the German Wehrmacht army was mobilized.
<The arrival of the German army in Paris>
Germany's daily ammunition consumption reached 5,000 metric tons for 40 days in France, and all the available guns were injected. And after such efforts, Germany succeeded in securing France, the Netherlands, Belgium and so on, and it was equally successful in removing British troops from continental Europe. For the Allied Powers, this was a huge blow, with 600,000 French troops, 120 Dutch and 120 Belgian troops surrendering to Germany, despite the loss of power by the Allies.
After the victory in the German fought in Germany, Germany occupies 30 percent of the world's industrial power by 1939 (France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Norway and most Polish regions). And Germany, on the basis of this, was able to withstand the differences in terms of wage and resources with the Alliance. As a representative example, from July 1940 to July 1944, about 40 percent of France's total production was plundered by German occupation taxes.
<By the voyage of German merchant ships>
However, the problem of strategic resources (oil, iron ore, etc.) continued. At the time, Germany had huge manpower resources and factories, but there was an extremely shortage of primary resources to be used. The most serious problem was oil, which was blocked by Royal Navy (the British Navy) at that time, so it could not import oil from abroad. It was not, however, whether there was a navy deserving to threaten the Royal Navy. I wonder if it was only half of Britain that strengthened the Navy during the First World War. After the Navy was in fact disbanded after World War I, it fell to hell.
So the choice is to attack the sky. In other words, by bombing the main infrastructure through strategic bombing, and by losing the will of the citizens to do war, the British would be forced to surrender. 60,000 tons of bombs were dropped throughout Britain, lost 500,000 buildings and tens of thousands of citizens The death of. But this was a big mistake of Hitler and the Nazi regime, which had the adverse effect of encouraging the war in Britain, and eventually the invasion of Britain, called the sea lion operation, was effectively abolished. In fact, even if it was practiced, it would have been more likely that it failed because there was no proper way to move the army.
<Ocean Lion Operation Plan>
At any rate, the Nazi regime is looking for alternatives to fix the chronic problem of lack of strategic resources, which was the Soviet Union. Since it was a place where tungsten could be used to save major iron ore and oil for various wars, there was no better area for the Nazi regime that was blocked by the sea at the time. Assuming Germany's outstanding talent at the time of Nazi and Hitler's fought in France, the Soviet army, with its huge industrial strength and technological power leading the way with Britain in the world, with its poor training, Nazi military experts predicted that they would be able to occupy the port of Arkhangelsk (near the Ural Mountains) with a German warrior.
In the Operation Barbarossa, a total of 210 divisions had 152 divisions and vacuumed to the Soviet Union, which contrasted with the mobilization of about 90 per cent of the German army in France, and 69 per cent, It is less than a bit overstatement. And the 58th Division is deployed in Western Europe to take charge of the more expansive German Empire. There is one more German mistake that did not increase the production of ammunition. The reason for this is that, as mentioned above, it was believed that the Soviet Union would soon collapse. However, after the extinction of 180 divisions of German anticipation, the Soviet Union mobilized the full 360 dynasties and mobilized the total dictatorship.
At that time, German military specialists were equally at odds with the experience of World War I, as when Young-Poe went to Germany for a long time in World War I and succumbed to resource depletion. And one of the results was a humiliating treaty in which Russia, the Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Lenin, gave Germany the core areas of western Russia. Thus, it was not anticipated that the Soviet Union, the newfound Russian, would have the capability to mobilize such large-scale troops.
<The territory lost by Russia at the time of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty>
However, by 1937, 57 percent of the population were still engaged in agriculture, and many Russians were still in the village hut or the old house, even though strong industrialization drives were being carried out in Russia, such as pressing Stalin's bloody purging I was living. Therefore, considering this situation, the capacity of the Soviet state seemed to be only superficially large and massive from the outside, and the 152 divisions would be enough to finish the Soviet state. .
After conquering the Soviet Union and resolving the resource problem, he predicted that he would step into a hegemonic struggle with the United Kingdom and the United States. He predicted that this war would become the main force of the Sea-Air force. After the Soviet conquest, Shipbuilding and fighter production.
2 American War Plans and Strategies
The United States was the world's largest industrialized economy from the late 19th century. It is precisely from 1872 that the total output of the British Empire exceeded. When it came to 1939, the industrial strength of the United States was close to 40 percent of the world, and it had an enormous economic scale compared to any country on the planet. Total production and individual productivity. During the course of the war, the United States has a decisive influence on the victory and defeat of the Second World War by utilizing the resources of this enormous economic scale and blessed land.
Although it was traditionally an isolated state, the United States has emerged to an international position that has virtually no isolationism after the First World War. Beginning with President Wilson's International Federation, the United States has already become a new hegemonic in economic and political terms. Thus, from the time of the invasion of Poland in June 1939, the United States began to prepare for war, and as early as June 1940, when France was occupied, US military experts decided that America would be necessary for war. A total gang movement is implemented.
First, as a British / strategic supporter, there is no reason to allow the Nazis to take over the whole Europe through the Soviet invasion,
Secondly, it is much easier to push on the western front as the German army is consumed on the eastern front,
Fascist countries The capabilities of both countries can be minimized.
<A journal left by an engineer who worked at U-BOST U 107>
In September 1941, when the orders of U-boat troops were ordered to sink all of the American transport fleets in Germany, the US Navy, which was 200,000 in 1939, was already in the midst of a sudden expansion of 7 times, to 1.4 million. Indeed, a massive expansion of military power occurred within two years. What was needed of the US government at the time of this meeting was a meeting with the people of isolationist tendency, which accounted for more than 70 percent of the skepticism of the war. The Japanese who resolved this social atmosphere as Pearl Harbor in petroleum embargoes coolly resolved.
To be honest, however, Japan was not a major threat to the United States. At that time, it was considered to be a top priority to tear down Germany, and Germany was considered a real threat. In 1939, Japan's gdp was only one-fifth to one-sixth of the US, Because it was conquering Europe, where the industrial infrastructures around the world were at the time.
The US's superior GDP was virtually greater than that of the Soviet Union in 1943-1944, with the production of 65,000 tons of military supplies in 1939 increasing to over one million tons of military supplies in 1943-1944, The dominance proved how powerful it was in the war, and this was one of the deciding factors for the victory and defeat of the war. I want to see the difference in GDP between the United States and the Axis after the United States entered the war.
Here, the US plan was to end Germany first, then to break down other nations like Italy, including Japan, in turn, which was preceded by the enormous material support to the Soviet Union and the UK - Landless.
For example, as you can see from the chart below, the Soviet Union invested 76 per cent of its GDP on military supplies at the time, but actually reduced the burden of 24 per cent of the US to landless, only 52 per cent of the Soviet direct investment . As of 1943, direct US cover for military supplies accounted for 24 percent of the Soviet Union and 18 percent of Britain.
And by helping the United States survive this British / Soviet Union, the United States could focus on training troops to break down Germany while the two countries were facing Germany.
In 1941, a plan called the "Victory Plan" reported that it needed to produce about $ 150 billion worth of bullets to supply in order to bring down Germany, which at this time $ 150 billion was 1.3-1.4 times the US total production If it converted to its present value, it was a grand plan of 25 trillion dollars.
3 Japanese War Plans and Strategies
At that time, Japanese strategists were well aware that their industrial and technological capabilities lagged behind those of European powers. The reason they invaded the United States in the first place was not because they thought that they would win the United States in total war but because the Soviet Union collapsed within three to four months at the time when the German army was fighting for Moscow, I thought that it would sell the spirit of the United States and that it would come to the negotiating table by lifting oil embargoes to deal with the more "more important enemy" Germany.
<Japan's Southeast Asian Invasion>
Japan invaded Southeast Asia, including France, Britain, the Netherlands, the United States of America, and the Philippines, when Nazi was troubled by all Europe and when the interest of the Young-mi was on the ground, Because they realized that they could not win the United States at 1: 1, because they had tried to present this newly occupied colony as a negotiating bait to the United States at that time. But the problem is that America had no idea at all.
Japan's economic development at the time:
Japan had a production capacity that was lower than that of the Soviet Union, which was regarded as having a very poor infrastructure and economy level during World War II. In other words, as mentioned above,
In terms of quality of life, per capita income, level of technology development (technology level is ranked first among the United States, the United States, and the United States), it was the world leader in every aspect.
And Japan has taken the banner to such a country and provides the opportunity to participate directly in this monster.
4. Situation of Eastern Front
The problem is that the Soviet Union was in a much worse situation than Germany. The mechanized corps of the 30th Division was at the core of the siege era that enveloped the enemy camps and wrapped the sides in a semicircular shape, reproducing Hannibal's cavalry hammers and hammers in the anvil during the Battle of Kannai .
<Hammer and anvil tactics>
At that time, German infantry divisions, nine infantry battalions and four artillery battalions, mainly meat and potatoes, were distributed in food, which accounted for the majority of the Germans and boasted a strong firepower, but in terms of maneuverability, It shows a lot behind. Here, infantry divisions may play the role of an anvil in the aforementioned hammer and anvil operations.
For several weeks after opening, the operation of Barbara Rosa was proceeding smoothly as planned. Despite consuming an average of 4,500 tonnes of ammunition per day, the German army squeezed deep into the Soviet Union, the Soviet army quickly disintegrated and collapsed, and the Germans advanced about a third of the distance from the German empire border to Moscow. However, this was a problem from the first few weeks of the opening, and as the problem of the German army gradually became visible, the advance was delayed.
This is caused by the simultaneous occurrence of the resistance of the Soviet Army and the spreading of the streets. Exceptionally, the supply problem mentioned here is that the advance of the army was so fast that the relocation base could not move accordingly. The German army's advance had slowed down after a whopping 1,200 km of advancement, which, in fact, dominated the region, which accounted for 40 percent of the Soviet population, so it was a massive blow to the Soviet Union, You can see it on the chart.
However, the German army also reached the limits of its supply and transportation, and it has already caused many casualties, which were a serious blow. Because the Germans had a 20 percent death rate at that time, but it was more than 20 percent when it came to combat efficiency. Many of the mechanized corps mentioned above were included here, and they were the most important vestiges. And the ethnic minorities within the Soviet Union, who regarded the Germans as liberators with the Nazi ethnic and ethnic ideology, turned their backs on Germany and forced the Germans to fight against the stronger resistance, which forced the Germans to bleed more. Germany has already cashed 800,000 casualties during the first 6.3 months of Operation Barbarossa, which has already been largely eliminated from its planned conquest of the Soviet Union by less than half a million people in four months.
However, the damage of the Soviet Union can not be underestimated because it gave Nazi the area where 4 million casualties and 70 million residents live. However, the number of casualties decreases in winter and mid-winter compared to the outbreak, which is not surprising because the weather has changed to the level of winter as the winter has passed, It is because it decreased. As you can see from the chart below, the number of German casualties in the second half of the year 41 was almost one-half that of the beginning of the year 41.
At that time, the Soviet Union was defeating the German offensive by taking on tremendous population and territorial losses, and this loss was increasing day by day. Given this tremendous loss, the Germans had expected the beginning of 1942 to be a threshold for maintaining the Soviet Union as a nation, which was true. At the time, the Soviet population's consumption fell to 30 per cent before the war, and the food supply dropped to 40 per cent.
However, this problem was solved in the landlies of the United States. Ninety percent of the Soviet military trucks were from the United States, and 15 million pairs of army and 4.2 million tons of food aid were sent to the Soviet Union. And 4.2 million tons of food, which accounted for a quarter of the total food supplies of the Soviet Union at that time, would have been hard to sustain without the US.
Once again, it was no exaggeration to say that all human and material resources during World War II were used to defeat Germany. Given the low level of economic development of the Soviet Union at the time, their total war effort should be viewed differently from countries with extremely developed industries such as the US, the UK, and the United States. When countries such as the Soviet Union and Japan were relatively less industrialized, the countries such as the United States, Britain, and the United States replaced unnecessary luxury goods. In contrast, they reduced the food, which is a necessity for human beings, We should have pushed for the lack of production of military supplies, and this could be seen as playing a major role in the starvation, as well as the poor nutritional situation of many Soviet-Japanese people.
In the period from October 1941 to December 1942, the Soviet Union had six times as many casualties as Germany, with an average of about 90,000 casualties per month, and the Soviet Union had an average of 560,000 people There was a level of casualties that could not be replaced. This sudden number of casualties is one of the main reasons that the training of the army has fallen since Stalin's extermination, but the Soviet Union was so desperate that it put all human and material resources in the Soviet Union as if it were crumpled, It is one of the causes of high casualties.
At the time, Britain and the United States eagerly hoped that the Soviet Union would take the longest possible time to hold on as long as possible before massive pressure on the Western front, and the Axis side wanted the Soviet Union to surrender to the Nazis as soon as possible. That is why the Nazi armies could be concentrated on the western front and the Axis of Japan and Italy could be safe from the Western threat.
5 German distribution of resources
What should not be overlooked here is that Germany has always had to distribute resources to multiple fronts and has not waged a single front. If that was the case, it would be only one time during the French War. In any event, even the eastern front, which is the most extensive of the Second World War, did not have all of Germany's resources. As a simple example, Germany produced 1,200 U-boats at the time, preventing the spread of the UK in the Atlantic, while also attacking the Soviet Union in the eastern front.
German power structure as of 1943:
9,550,000 German forces
- 7 million ground troops
- 4.4 million field soldiers
--- 2.6 million reserve troops
1.75 million air force
800,000 Navy
* Numerous values included in training groups
As of July 1943, 180 divisions of the 280 divisions were deployed on the Eastern Front, which is the starting point for Germany's final strategic offensive to the Soviet Union. From this point forward, the proportion of troops assigned to the Eastern Front gradually begins to decline. By mid-1943, about 50 percent of the air forces had been deployed on the Eastern Front, but as the UK-US strategic bombardment began, the Eastern Front air force began to shrink, and the Navy did not actually engage the Eastern Front in the first place. .
From June 1941 to December 1942 Germany's focus was on the Eastern Front. After the failure of Operation Barbarossa, the goal of Germany was the oil-rich Caucasus, a devastating defeat in the Stalingrad battle, Because of the defeat of this, it is frustrated and the weight of the battlefield is suddenly inclined. The oil consumed by Germany was mostly synthetic oil, which could be considered the most expensive, and some oil that was buried in Romania. The inferiority of this resource situation was a disadvantage even if Germany was 'miraculous'. After the failure of the Stalingrad offensive, if you add a little exaggeration, you have to bring up a miracle almost 20 times before you are able to reverse this premortal.
Anyway, in this unfavorable situation, after Germany was defeated, it tried to cut off the joint plan of the amphibious United States of America, which might be later, in the Atlantic before by fortifying the remaining eastern front and blocking U.S. Britain's support by U-boat. However, the United Kingdom and the United States succeeded in neutralizing the U-boat to a certain degree, and the US production capacity was way above Germany's expectations, as mentioned above.
Thus, in mid-1943, the British-American forces landed on the Italian peninsula, and the Italian government surrendered. Now the German army is facing a gloomy situation that will confront the Allied forces on three fronts, and the German army takes 25 divisions and sends them to Italy. It is about 15 percent of the eastern frontier division, but it is not negligible for Germany, which is getting scarce human and material resources. This is because it was a support force to go to the eastern front to slow down the speed of the Soviet waves coming from the eastern front. In other words, Germany became a center for the mid-west ridge, and now Germany has only left the Soviet territory and the Berlin Race.
The size of the German army has always been set to the maximum available figures since the war began. It is quite natural that in 1943 the combined population of the United States, Britain, Soviet Union, and Commonwealth (Canada, Australia, etc.) was 387 million, compared to 81 million in Germany. In order to fill this desperate constant population gap, what Germany did originally was to engage workers in the occupied territories instead of the German citizens who were drafted to work in factories, offices and agricultural lands.
As a matter of surprise, most of the workers in these occupied areas were made up of 'self-righteousness'. There are two important reasons for this: basically, we have received relatively high wages, and many of them came from foreign occupied territories and did not have much German background. However, despite these measures and the 1: 6 exchange rate of the Soviet Union, the Germans are still suffering from labor shortages. Why?
Germany used 17.9 million manpower for the Second World War and 34 million for the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had 32.5 million workers on the eastern front, compared with only a mere 46 percent of Germany's total mobilized manpower, up to 820 million on the eastern front. In other words, the Soviet Union literally poured more than 95 per cent of its manpower into the Eastern Front. The difference between double-sided and single-sided wires was the most crucial reason for Germany's inability to survive despite its overwhelming exchange rate.
6 Imperial Twilight
In the course of such a gradual decline, a miracle is not happening in Germany, but in May 1943, the U-boat was started to be defeated by Britain-America. . The German operation to isolate Britain will fail, and the United States and the United States will join forces to put the niches in the heart of the German Empire.
That is strategic bombing, which increases the production of bombers and fighters to escort them. And what this means is that the bombing over Germany was waiting for more than ever before. By the end of 1944, the bombing in the German airspace for one month in the Young-Mi was close to 100,000 tons, and the destructive power of this bombing would be equivalent to the atomic bomb that fell to 5-6 Hiroshima.
<Dresden after the Dresden bombing>
Prior to mid-1944, these British and American strategic bombings did not reduce Germany's output growth, but had a clear effect on reducing the 'rate of increase', the most bombarding of which was the war in Germany in May 1944 The German Air Force was no longer able to carry out the war due to oil depletion in the war and the production of oil had ceased completely and the German fighter They also became useless. This overwhelming defeat in the air combat has not only resulted in the loss of all such pilots by the Germans, who had produced the most ace pilots at the time, but also the training of new pilots to fill the vacancies of these pilots became impossible due to oil shortages .
By the middle of 1944, the Allies had succeeded in completely destroying the German Year-Air Force, at this point Germany was in full swing and was overwhelmed by both fronts of the Eastern Front and Western Front. Germany's manpower had long since passed the nationally available workforce threshold, but by the time of the Berlin Stadium, more than 40 percent of the nation's workforce was put into the army, so it's hard to imagine how close it was. The problem was that there was a group called the East Japan and the Kwantung Army, which were even more difficult.
<Britain - United States - Commonwealth soldiers landed in Normandy>
In fact, the event, which eventually settled down to the level of the landing area, took place on June 6, 1944, the landing operation in Normandy. Eighty days after landing, the United Kingdom and the United States have massive troop deployments of no precedent, with 2,600,000 troops and 8,800 tanks landing in northern France. There was a situation in which the Soviet Union was already confronted with a surplus that surpasses the available limits, but this huge enemy force was suddenly protruding from the rear, and this was the same as the death sentence to the de facto German empire. Germany scarcely dispatched resources, but scrapped 600,000 troops and 2,300 tanks to the western front, although the Germans fought well, but it was impossible to change the premises.
The production capacity was effectively devastated by strategic bombardment. The average daily consumption of ammunition in Germany at the time of the Polish invasion in 1939 was close to 3,000 tons, but only about 480 tons of ammunition was consumed by the British-American allied troops landing in Normandy. And on the US side South Africa responded by firepower three times as much as Germany consumed ammunition. Despite this, Germany 's percussion was quite persistent, with the rate of US casualties from June 1944 to April 1945 being similar to the percentage of German casualties in the Eastern Front in 1942.
<Number of US troops in continental Europe / United Kingdom>
By August 1944, the United Kingdom and the United States had succeeded in completely destroying the last defensive line of Germany and reached the point where they gave the most important occupation territories to them, including France and Belgium. In the meantime, on the eastern front, the operation of Bagration, the operation of Soviet version Barbara Rosa, was underway, which surrounded many German divisions with semicircles and over 20 German divisions surrender to the Soviet Union. The German army casualties from June to September 1944 amounted to 1.3 million. By the end of 1944, the German army was virtually impossible with both fronts, and the remaining one was the Berlin-Race, First was to put a flag on the Berlin Empire.
Eastern Front
2.1 million Germans: 6.6 million Soviets
Western Front
<Normandy Landing Operation>
1 million Germans: 225 million, United States
Italian Front
<Italy's vacuum / green line of the Allied forces in 1944 is the German defense line Gustaf Line>
35,000 German troops: 800,000 allies
At the end of 1944, the German army was desperate and attempted to make up for this gap by an offensive, but all the offensive went back to the dungeons, only to create a hole in the composition of the German army, and it had little effect on the armies of the Allies. In December 1944, in the Ardennes offensive, 350,000 German troops defeated 130,000 US troops and advanced 90km, but the British-US troops had supplemented 500,000 troops and had to retreat after 40 days. On the contrary, The gap was bigger, and Nazi Germany was the only jaffa who had just advanced.
Not only that, but to further retrace the resource gap between the Allies and the German forces mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, Germany could use 8 million tonnes per year in the early years of war, 2 million tons in Japan, 100 million in Italy It is possible to consume 20 million tons more than the sum of the annual oil consumption of all of them together, including the oil imported from Romania alone and the British alone. The Soviet Union has 25 million tons and the US has 200 million tons. I was rolling 70 percent of the oil. That is why the United States was able to roll all its troops into mechanized divisions and to carry huge amounts of oil-consigned aircraft carriers and heavy bombers.
At that time, one million tons of oil was enough to use a thousand strategic bombers (or 2000 fighters) for a year, or 20 divisions for a year, However, no matter how good they were, it meant that they could not operate more than 5,000 fighters a year. In addition, the fighter is eating more oil in this version, and it is natural that the bomber has not even dreamed of it.
The Italian Navy had to be moored in the port because of the oil that was scarce, and the Italian army had not made much progress in the army at the level of World War I because the level of mechanization was so lacking due to the lack of oil. Japan also mentioned that the cause of the Pacific War was oil, but the desperation was that it was not enough for the amount of oil left after Japan was infused with oil from the United States. It was in Japan. In the end, it was not only for negotiations, but also for oil and rubber to be invaded, but it only attracted the aggro of the Allies.
7 The end of one age, and the dawn of another age
<World of 1922 Pink: Blue UK: France Orange: Netherlands>
The Second World War, which Germany began, is not to say that humanity has renewed its direction from the 20th century until the beginning of the 16th century to the beginning of the 20th century, including Felipe II, Louis XIV, Napoleon, Queen Victoria and Edward VII The major figures and events of the world were mostly associated with Europe, so the so-called "Empire era" represented by the imperialism of Western European colonial powers, such as Britain-France, And that the new Cold War era of the two superpower superpowers has begun.
To summarize the reasons why Germany was defeated, Germany concluded simply that while the Soviet Union was nurturing, the West not only became a large-scale army, but also in the first place in terms of resources, population, territory, Japan and Italy would all fit together in England), they had to go to a long battle and start a war they could not win. In Germany, even with the propaganda up to 1941, Hitler's gambling was well timed, and the Allied Powers surprised him, and he was fortunate enough to use his abilities to the fullest.
<Shaking hands with the US and Soviet troops on the Rhine - It is significant considering that the US Soviet Union began to confront in less than a year before>
The Allied powers were completely overwhelmed by the Axis in their resources, manpower, and industrial strength, and the US / Soviet Union had enough population to replace the two or three people at night / day, This was due to an overwhelming resource gap and double-sided frontiers, so at least by accepting the Soviet peace treaty in 1941 or 1943,
The Nazi regime and the Axis countries, however, were in a disadvantage to the United States and the United States, because the Soviet Union was still in the process of recovering and the Soviet Union was recovering. The possibility of a victory over an allied state is virtually eliminated from the moment the war was called long-term.
It can be said that Germany, which had only two sides of the European Union / Soviet Union on both sides of the continent, could not win the double-sided frontline, but how could the US be able to win the double-sided frontline with the great ocean of the Atlantic Pacific? . The correct answer to that question is 'because it is the United States'.
The United States, as of 1944, was equal to or greater than the total production of all powers except the United States.
<American symbol eagle>
If so, it is probably the largest beneficiary country in the Second World War and most directly or indirectly contributing to it. It is true that the United States alone did not win without any help but the strategic landing of the US Landis and Germany and the landing of Normandy contributed greatly to the direct and indirect destruction of the German Empire.
At the same time, the United States ended the world supremacy of Europe by bringing the disintegration of Western European colonial empire into the hands of a firm liberal leader and capitalist Madonna over the ruins of Europe, And as a victor of another era, opened the doors of a new era and moved on to the path of glory.
Resources
1 - German ammunition consumption: Germany and the Second World War: Volume V / II: Organization and Mobilization by Bernhard R. Kroener, Rolf-Dieter Muller, Hans Umbreit
2 - Divisions by front: Axis History Factbook: Number of German divisions by front.
3 - Wehrmacht manpower: van Creveld, Fighting Power
4 - German ammunition production: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, The Effects of Strategic Bombing on German War Economy.
5 - German labor force: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy.
6 - Distribution of Soviet labor force by employment: Harrison, The Economics of World War Two.
7 - Labor productivity of the great powers: Harrison, The Economics of World War Two.
8 - Japan National Product: Harrison, The Economics of World War Two.
9 - Japan explosives production: United States Strategic Bombing Survey, The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the Japanese War Economy
10 - Mobilization of net national product for war
11 - Eastern front casualties: German, OKW monthly reports, Soviet, Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century.
12 - American casualties and strength in the ETO: Army Battle Casualties
and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II, Final Report, 7 December 1941 - 31 December 1946.
13 - The Economics of WW2, Harrison, chapter 3, p 83
14 - The Economics of WW2, Harrison, chapter 4, p. 158,
15 - The Economics of WW2, Harrison, chapter 5, p 179
16 - The Economics of WW2, Harrison, chapter 6, p 257
17 - Normandy 1944: German Military Organization, Combat Power and Organizational Effectiveness by Niklas Zetterling
18 - War and Economy in the Third Reich by R. J. Overy
19 - 1990 International Gheary-Kamis dollars
20- Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1987), "warmaking potential" for 1937
21 - Bairoch, International Industrialization levels, (1982), "total industrial potential"
22 - Shoup, C. S., Principles of national income analysis (Cambridge, Mass., 1947).
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